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Stratified Columnar

Stratified columnar epithelium is composed of multiple layers of cells. The stratified nature of this tissue provides additional protection against mechanical stress and abrasion. It offers more protection compared to simple columnar epithelium, which consists of only a single layer of columnar cells.

Microscopic image of red-stained stratified columnar epithelium. Organized tightly-packed layered cells are visible. The tissue sample takes up the majority of the image and is set against a light background. Focus is sharp with clear cell boundaries.
Figure 1: Columnar epithelial tissue under a microscope. Red-stained cells form a structured layer.

Cell Shape

The cells are columnar in shape, with nuclei usually located near the basal region of the cell. This shape allows for efficient absorption and secretion of substances.

Layering

This type of epithelia has multiple layers of cells.

Function

The function of stratified columnar epithelium is primarily protective. This type of epithelium provides a robust barrier against mechanical stress, abrasion, and potentially harmful substances. The multiple layers of cells feature tall columnar cells on the surface. These layers help to resist damage. They maintain the integrity of the underlying tissues.  Additionally, stratified columnar epithelium may have some secretory functions in certain locations.

Locations

This type of epithelium is typically found in areas where protection and secretion are important functions. You might find stratified columnar epithelium in parts of the male urethra. It is also present in large excretory ducts of some glands. Additionally, you can find it in portions of the digestive tract, such as the esophagus and anus.

Specializations

Basal cells are stem cells located at the base of the epithelium. They continuously divide and differentiate to replenish the layers of columnar cells that are shed from the surface over time.  Tight junctions are specialized protein structures that form tight seals between adjacent cells. Tight junctions help to prevent the leakage of fluids and molecules between cells, maintaining the integrity of the epithelial barrier.

Microscopic cross-section of stratified columnar tissue, stained with haematoxylin and eosin. The image displays a layered structure with columnar cells clearly defined. The connective tissue appears dense and interwoven, shown in varying intensities of pink. The overall composition highlights cellular organization and tissue morphology.
Figure 2: Microscopic view of stratified columnar tissue, stained pink. Distinct layers and cellular structures are visible.
Microscopic image of stratified columnar epithelium tissue, visually dominated by shades of pink indicating the staining process. The tissue appears layered, with a distinct surface of columnar cells. The visual elements include variations in cell density and staining, along with irregular boundaries of the tissue folds. Composition shows a medium magnification.
FIgure 3: Stratified columnar epithelium tissue sample, stained pink, showing cell layers under magnification.
Microscopic view of a stratified columnar epithelial tissue section, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, giving it a pink hue. Tall columnar cells are arranged in multiple layers, with dark, basal nuclei visible. Connective tissue fibers, elongated and less densely stained, are observed in the bottom region of the field, providing structural support. The magnification enables clear identification of cellular structures, and the staining technique highlights the morphological details, distinguishing nuclei from other cellular components.
Figure 4: Stratified columnar epithelium stained pink, showing multiple layers of cells under magnification. Biological tissue sample.

Figure 1 and 2: Recto-anal junction, monkey, H&E, Slide 177
Figure 3: Penis cross section, human, H&E,Slide 286
All by University of Michigan Histology, licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 3.0.

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General Information
Simple Squamous
Stratified Squamous
Simple Cuboidal
Stratified Cuboidal
Simple Columnar
Stratified Columnar
Transitional
Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar

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