Other Notable Hormones

Erythropoietin

Erythropoietin is more commonly known as EPO. This hormone is made by the kidney and targets stem cellsThe basic structural and functional units of life. in your red bone marrow. These stem cells are then encouraged to increase their production rate of red blood cells releasing more into circulation. EPO is triggered for release in a few ways. Two of the most common ways is that chemoreceptors in the kidney or in the lungs since low oxygen levels. It’s these low oxygen levels that promote the production of EPO. We will discuss more about EPO in the chapter on blood.

Angiotensin II

Angiotensin 2 is also a hormone that is kind of made by the kidney. The kidney secrets reninAn enzyme secreted by the juxtaglomerular cells that helps regulate blood pressure by triggering the in response to low blood pressureThe force exerted by gases in the respiratory system, affecting airflow and gas exchange. low blood volume and low electrolytes. Renin travels to the lungs where the angiotensin converting enzyme resides. This enzyme converts renin to angiotensin 1. Angiotensin 1 then circulates to the liverA large organ that produces bile, detoxifies blood, and stores nutrients. which also contains an angiotensin converting enzyme. Here angiotensin 1 is converted to angiotensin 2. It is the hormone angiotensin 2 that other organs in the body have receptorsProteins located on the surface or inside cells that bind specific molecules (e.g., neurotransmitter for. One such organ are blood vessels which are affected by angiotensin 2 vasoconstrictor increasing blood pressure.

Calcitriol

The hormone calcitriolThe active form of vitamin D, promoting calcium absorption in the intestines. is secreted by the kidney and is indirectly involved in calcium maintenance. Calcitriol actually controlsVariables that remain constant to ensure a fair test. more of your vitamin D cycle. It controls the activation of vitamin D that happens in your skinThe body’s largest organ, providing protection and regulation. due to UV radiation. This is why everybody living at this latitude probably needs the sunlamp. Not only are you unhappy and depressed you’re also vitamin D deficient period

ANP

ANP or the atrial natriuretic peptide hormone is made by cells embedded in the cardiac muscle tissue of the heart. When blood returning from the body to the heart has low blood pressure, it does not fill the left atrium properly. The filling is inadequate. As a result, cardiac muscle tissue will secrete this hormone. This hormone will work on the heart. It will also affect the vessels attached to increase blood pressure. This ensures that the right amount of blood is leaving the heart. A&P can also affect the kidney which is the master control of blood pressure. In this instance ANP will cause vasoconstrictionThe narrowing of blood vessels due to contraction of smooth muscle, increasing blood pressure and re in the kidney increasing blood pressure.