Most Things Biology

MiniLectures for Generalish Biology

Tips on Reading a Scientific Article

photo of woman holding book

Graphing

Bar graph comparing grams of fat rendered from different types of meat (venison, pork, beef, lamb) at two intervals: 1 minute and 5 minutes.

Tips on Writing a Scientific Paper

Writing notebook

Characteristics of Living Things

An illustration of a baby sitting with a large black arrow that runs through the waist indicating digestion.

The Scientific Method

Graph showing the yearly population of young-of-year striped bass at three sites on the Hudson River, with months on the x-axis and number of fish on the y-axis.

Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

Periodic Table of Elements displaying various chemical elements organized by atomic number and properties.

Water is a Molecule

Illustration of an atom showing protons, neutrons, and electrons, resembling a molecular structure.

Life-Supporting Properties of Water

Illustration of a blood bag filled with red liquid, representing blood, with a blank label for identification.

Carbohydrates and Lipids

Diagram illustrating the structure of a lipid molecule, showing a phospholipid bilayer with a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails.

Protein Structure

Illustration of DNA structure with a focus on double helix and base pair arrangement.

DNA Structure

Illustration of a DNA double helix structure with blue and red strands.

Cell Anatomy

Illustration of an epithelial cell depicting various ways the CFTR protein can malfunction. The cell is labeled with apical and basolateral surfaces. Malfunctions include failed transcription, failed translation, failed transportation to the Golgi apparatus, accelerated recycling, and insertion but non-functional. Arrows show the path of functional and non-functional CFTR protein movement.

Membrane Transport

A diagram illustrating membrane transport mechanisms, including protein channels facilitating the movement of molecules across a cell membrane.

Energy

A diagram illustrating the structure of a molecule, featuring hexagonal and circular shapes in blue and orange.

Enzymes

Diagram illustrating the enzymatic process of sucrose breakdown into glucose and fructose, featuring the enzyme sucrase.

Cellular Respiration Background

Diagram illustrating the cellular respiration process, including glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and electron transport chain, highlighting ATP production and byproducts.

Cellular Respiration 1st and 2nd steps

Diagram illustrating the structures of NAD+ and NADH, showing reduction and oxidation processes with associated chemical notations.

Cellular Respiration 3rd Step

Diagram illustrating the process of ATP synthesis in mitochondria, showing the electrochemical proton gradient and the structure of ATP synthase.

Fermentation

Diagram illustrating lactic acid fermentation process, showing glucose conversion to lactic acid in the absence of oxygen.

Photosynthesis

Diagram of a plant cell showing opened and closed stomata, guard cells, and epidermal cells. A leaf is depicted on the side.

Mitosis

Diagram illustrating the cell cycle phases including G0, G1, S, G2, and M phases, with G0 phase labeled as resting.

Meiosis

Illustration of a cell undergoing mitosis with chromatin organized into chromosomes, showing two sets of genetic material.

Patterns of Inheritance

Illustration of a green pea pod containing several peas.

Punnett Squares

Punnett square illustrating inheritance patterns for color vision, showing alleles for normal vision and color blindness.

Complex Inheritance

Illustration of human chromosomes, displaying pairs numbered 1 to 22 along with X and Y sex chromosomes, in red and green colors.

DNA Replication

Diagram illustrating the structure of a nucleus with chromatin and a representation of DNA processing, featuring a pair of scissors symbolizing genetic editing.

Transcription

Illustration of a DNA structure with a ribosome, depicting the process of gene expression.

Translation

Illustration of molecular processes in a cell, depicting mRNA, ribosomes, and amino acids involved in protein synthesis.

Mutations

A color-coded nucleotide codon wheel displaying amino acids corresponding to mRNA codons, highlighting the start codon.

Gene Expression

Diagram illustrating the process of protein synthesis, showing DNA, mRNA, amino acids, and a protein structure.

DNA Technology

Illustration showing the process of DNA replication with two strands of DNA and identifying enzymes involved in the process.