Time To Read
Date Last Modified
Blood · Chapter 7 of 7
Put her blood chart on one page: platelets that jump at every flare, a neutrophil surge with nothing growing, an ESR and CRP raised for twenty years, a serum amyloid A nobody ordered, a red-cell count running high on an EPO that should be off, and a spike in the gamma region. This chapter reads a smear the Journey’s way, builds the acute-phase response, and sorts six findings into one alarm, one open thread and one clone.
The question you will answer
Six odd labs across twenty years — six findings, or one process that never switched off, plus the discipline to say which findings it cannot explain?
Opener · Reading a Smear Systematically · about 1¾ minutes
The opener is the same narrated animation you will watch in Scene 1.
Watch the opener first. It sets the question; the chapter answers it.
1
Read the chart
Patient chart · Stina
2015 · age 40 · the chart on one page
The alarm
ESR 58; CRP 41 at a flare, 9 between; SAA 190 mg/L at a flare, 38 between (< 6); fibrinogen plasma protein converted into fibrin during blood clotting. 520; ferritin A protein that stores iron in the liver and other tissues. 220; albuminA plasma protein that helps maintain osmotic pressure and transport substances. 3.6; platelets 560; neutrophils 78% with bands, cultures sterile.
The open thread
Hematocrit 49, red-cell mass 36 mL/kg, EPO 44 at 98% saturation, JAK2 negative — secondary erythrocytosis, cause unclear.
The clone
IgG-kappa M-protein 0.6 g/dL; plasma cellsImmune cells that develop from B cells and produce antibodies. 6%, kappa-restricted; no CRAB features — MGUS.
Not yet
Congo red on the 2015 gut biopsy (Module 17, re-stained in 2026). A urineThe liquid waste excreted by the kidneys. protein (Module 19, 2024). The rest of an acronym (Modules 16, 18, 19, 22).
Told
“Reactive.” “A touch high.” “Cause unclear.” “No symptomsSubjective experiences reported by the patient (e.g., nausea, fatigue)..” — “Then what is the fever from?”
Chart clues this module: 1–6 · earlier chapters · 7 · this chapter · Chart Clue #14
Before you go on · your prediction
Six odd labs across twenty years, each explained away alone. They are…
Open the one you lean toward. Nothing is recorded and nothing is revealed — you come back to it at the end.
Six separate quirks of one unlucky patient
Ask how many of the six move together on the same days, and which single program a liverA large organ that produces bile, detoxifies blood, and stores nutrients. and a marrow share. Then ask what the odds are of the rest being coincidence.
One sustained acute-phase response — and nothing else
Ask which of the six that program can raise (platelets, neutrophils, CRP, SAA, fibrinogen, ferritin) and which two it cannot touch at all. Then decide what to do with those two.
One alarm that explains four of the six, one thread it cannot explain, and one clone that belongs to another story
Ask which cytokines run the alarm, what the alarm manufactures besides markers, and what the honest word is for a finding you can describe but not explain.
From Stina’s diary
2
The story
Three short movements: the case, the anatomyThe study of the structure of the human body. and physiologyThe study of how the body functions., then the tie back to Stina. Each links to the scene where you’ll see it move.
I · Read the smear first
The Journey’s workflow will not let you down with an unknown slide. Scan at 10× and find the monolayer, where red cellsThe basic structural and functional units of life. lie close but not stacked. At 40× or oil, assess the red cells: size, colour, shape. Count a hundred consecutive white cells into the five types and watch for a left shift, hypersegmentation, atypical lymphocytes. Estimate the platelets, seven to twenty per oil field. Then synthesise with the numbers. Run hers on a flare day. Red cells uniform, normochromic, a field of discs — too many for the field, which the hematocritThe percentage of blood volume occupied by red blood cells. already said. White cells: neutrophils dominant, bands among them, no blasts. Platelets plentiful, twenty-plus per field. Synthesis: a sterile left shift and a reactive thrombocytosis on a red-cell surplus with nothing wrong with the cells. The smear says alarm. It cannot say what rang it.
See it move: Scene 1 · Reading a Smear Systematically
II · A normal program, built for days
The acute-phase response is a normal, useful, evolved reaction. Macrophages at a site of injury release interleukin-1β, tumour necrosis factor and interleukin-6, and the body answers in hours: the hypothalamusA small but vital brain region controlling hormones, temperature, and autonomic functions. resets its thermostat (Module 13’s fever), the marrow releases neutrophils early and, under thrombopoietin, more platelets; the liver trades production lines — CRP, serum amyloid A, fibrinogen, ferritin up, albumin and transferrinA blood plasma protein that transports iron. down. CRP rises a hundredfold within a day and falls as fast; the sedimentation rate is fibrinogen measured sideways — more rouleaux, a faster fall in the tube — slow and nonspecific, and nonspecific is not uninformative: twenty years of “a touch high” was information. Serum amyloid A, the protein nobody orders, rises a thousandfold. The program is built for days. Hers has run since she was eleven, because the signal that starts it — IL-1β from a loose pyrin brake — comes from inside. A factory on a standing order keeps making the product: SAA, made for twenty years, misfolds and deposits as AA amyloid — the slow fuse the Digestive and Urinary modules watched detonate in her gut and kidney.
See it move: Scene 2 · The Acute-Phase Response · Scene 3 · CRP and the Sedimentation Rate
III · Six findings: one alarm, one thread, one clone
Lay the six on one page and sort them honestly. Reactive thrombocytosis at every flare: IL-6 raising thrombopoietin — the alarm. Neutrophilia with bands and sterile cultures: IL-1β recruiting the EMTs — the alarm. ESR and CRP raised for twenty years, albumin a little low, ferritin and fibrinogen high: the liver’s production lines — the alarm. Serum amyloid A sky-high and never measured until now: the alarm, and its raw material. Four findings, one program, and no clinician was wrong about the value in front of them; they were wrong about the borders of the case. That is Chart Clue #14. Two findings sit outside it. A true erythrocytosis on an EPO that should be off: no acute-phase cytokine raises erythropoietin(EPO): A hormone produced by the kidneys that stimulates erythropoiesis., so this is a separate signal on a separate wire, named secondary erythrocytosis of unclear cause and held open for the rest of an acronym the course does not yet spell out. And a clone of plasmaThe liquid component of blood. cells writing a spike: MGUS, a waiting room, the Immunity module’s thread. Say what one process explains, say what it does not, and write both down.
See it move: Scene 4 · Serum Amyloid A · Scene 5 · Six Findings — One Alarm, One Thread, One Clone
3
Watch · explore · think · check
5 scenes. Each one has a short animation or a slide, something to explore, a true/false spot-check of your thinking, and a quick check. Every scene gives you an evidence card for your board.
How to read the scenes
- Animation (dark teal) — a short animated explainer, one idea each
- Slide (dark teal) — a still to study: a micrograph, a diagram or a map
- Explore (purple) — something to push on while you watch
- Game (purple) — a quick challenge
- Think (gold) — reason it out, then spot-check yourself with a few true/false questions; not graded
- Check (gold) — a quick H5P that scores itself
Scene 1 of 5
Reading a Smear Systematically
Five steps that will not let you down — run on her flare-day slide.
Animation · in production · 1 min 40 s
Reading a Smear Systematically
Step 1: 10× scan, the monolayer. Step 2: red cells — size, colour, shape. Step 3: a hundred white cells into five types; left shift, hypersegmentation, atypicals. Step 4: platelets per oil field, 7–20. Step 5: synthesise with the numbers. Then her flare-day slide run through all five: discs, too many; neutrophils with bands; platelets plentiful. The smear says alarm; it cannot say what rang it.
Prefer the full lecture? Erythrocytes (original video on the site) · histology page: Blood Histology: A Guided Journey
Game
Run the five steps
Three unknown slides, one checklist. Read all three at each step, commit, and let the overlay confirm you. Then name the three stories, and write one line for the slide that matters.
Text description of this game
A clipboard look. Each of steps 1 to 4 shows the five-step checklist (1 scan at 10×, 2 red cells, 3 a hundred white cells, 4 platelets, 5 synthesize) with the current step marked and a tick added when you commit. Three unknown slides, A, B and C, are drawn as round oil-immersion fields with a 7.5 µm scale bar. Slide A: about 19 large oval red cells with small pale centers, spaced well apart; one white cell whose nucleus is split into six lobes; 9 platelets. Slide B: about 21 normal round red cells with pale centers, spaced well apart; three large white cells with big round nuclei, fine chromatin, two pale nucleoli and a thin rim of blue cytoplasm; 2 platelets. Slide C: about 50 uniform round red cells packed edge to edge; one white cell with a three-lobed nucleus and one with a curved, horseshoe-shaped nucleus; 27 platelets. Step 1 (checklist steps 1 and 2): for each slide choose the red-cell reading (large ovals, macrocytic; normal discs, normocytic and normochromic; small and pale, microcytic and hypochromic; or misshapen) and how the field looks at the monolayer (sparse, about usual, or crowded). Blue rings then mark two red cells and a caption gives the reading. Step 2 (checklist step 3): for each slide choose the white-cell warning (hypersegmented neutrophils; bands, a left shift; blasts; atypical lymphocytes; or nothing to flag) and what it points to (B12 or folate; the marrow itself; an alarm, inflammation or infection; or a virus). Rings mark the white cells, and the feedback gives a hundred-cell tally. Step 3 (checklist step 4): count the platelets in each field (normal is about 7 to 20 per oil field), choose low, normal or high, and estimate the count with a rule of thumb of about 20,000 per µL for each platelet per field (about 40,000, 180,000 or 540,000 per µL). Rings mark every platelet. Step 4 (checklist step 5): each slide gets its numbers. A: hemoglobin 10.5 g/dL, MCH 32.8 pg, B12 low. B: WBC 48,000 per µL, mostly blasts, hemoglobin 8.1, platelets 40,000 (teaching-case numbers). C: hematocrit 49%, RBC 5.6 million per µL, MCV 88 fL, WBC 11,800, platelets 560,000, cultures with no growth. Name each story (megaloblastic anemia; a leukemia; a bacterial infection; or a sterile alarm on a red-cell surplus) and the next test (B12 and intrinsic-factor antibodies; marrow biopsy and flow cytometry; blood cultures and procalcitonin; or red-cell mass and EPO). The slides are then named: A is Maude, B a leukemia teaching case, C Stina at a flare in 2015. Step 5: write a one-line synthesis for slide C, then compare it with a model answer and with the three sentences in her chart.
Think · not graded
On her flare slide the smear says alarm and the counts say alarm — but the one finding that fits nothing is only a number: too many normal discs. What can a smear never tell you about a red-cell surplus, and which test can?
Spot-check your thinking: true or false?
Check · Drag the Words
Put the five steps of a systematic smear read in order.
Evidence card 1
Add it to your evidence board
Five steps in order: her slide reads alarm, and one finding is a number the slide cannot see.
Scene 2 of 5
The Acute-Phase Response
A normal, useful, evolved reaction — designed to run for days, not decades.
Animation · in production · 2 min
The Acute-Phase Response
A wound; macrophages release IL-1β, TNF, IL-6. Hours later: the hypothalamus resets its thermostat (fever); the marrow releases bands and, under thrombopoietin, platelets; the liver switches lines — CRP, SAA, fibrinogen, haptoglobin, ferritin up; albumin, transferrin down. A calendar: days. The wound closes; everything settles. Then the pyrin brake, loose; IL-1β from inside; the calendar runs for decades; the factory keeps making the product. Her panel laid on the program.
Prefer the full lecture? Blood Plasma (original video on the site)
Explore
Run the program
A body with a wound and a clock. Predict the first day, the order the readouts settle, and what years of a loose pyrin brake leave on a routine draw, then put her 2015 panel on the right dials.
Text description of this explore
A night-ward look, dark blue with light text. Step 1: a person in outline with a glowing wound on the forearm and cytokine dots through the body; the hypothalamus, liver, a kidney and the thigh-bone marrow are labeled. A wall clock and a bedside monitor with eight meters grouped by organ: set point (hypothalamus); neutrophils and platelets (marrow); CRP, SAA, fibrinogen and albumin (liver); EPO (kidney). For each of the eight, predict what it does in the first day: up within hours, up but over days, down slowly, or no change. After you commit the clock reads hour 24 and the meters move: set point up (fever), neutrophils up with bands, platelets only starting, CRP and SAA up fast, fibrinogen only starting, albumin down a little, EPO no change. Step 2: the wound has closed; put five readouts in the order they settle, first to last: the fever breaks; bands disappear from the smear; CRP falls back under its limit; the platelet count returns to baseline; the ESR returns to normal. Step 3: a 12-week chart with three lanes, CRP, SAA (log scale) and ESR, each with a dashed limit line (10 mg/L, 6 mg/L, 20 mm/h), shaded blocks for attacks, and a dashed line for a routine draw between attacks. Choose the signal (a wound that heals in a week, or a loose pyrin brake with 3-day attacks), how often attacks come (every 2 to 12 weeks), whether the signal switches fully off or smolders between attacks, and the years on the clock (1 to 30); buttons load a wound, her brake with the signal off between, and her brake with a smolder. Predict what a routine draw between attacks shows (nothing up; only the ESR; the ESR and SAA up while CRP looks almost normal; or all three up), then run it: the traces draw, and a readout gives CRP, SAA and ESR at the draw, how much of the time SAA sits above 6, and her own 2015 between-flare draw (CRP 9, SAA 38, ESR raised). A teaching model. Step 4: eight values from her 2015 chart (fevers at every flare; neutrophils 78% with 6% bands and sterile cultures; platelets 560,000 at a flare; CRP 41; SAA 190 at a flare and 38 between; albumin 3.6; ferritin 220 with a transferrin saturation of 28%; EPO 44 at an oxygen saturation of 98%). For each, choose the organ that produced it (hypothalamus, marrow, liver, or none of the three: not on the program) and whether it went up or down.
Think · not graded
Fever, bands, platelets, CRP, SAA, a falling albumin — six readouts of one program, three organs. Which organ is the hub for each, and why is the liver’s product the one that matters most for her future?
Spot-check your thinking: true or false?
Check · Fill in the Blanks
Complete the mechanism of the acute-phase response.
Evidence card 2
Add it to your evidence board
One program, three organs, built for days — hers has run for decades, and the liver’s product is the one that matters.
Scene 3 of 5
CRP and the Sedimentation Rate
Nonspecific is not the same as uninformative — and that difference cost twenty years.
Slide · in production
Two Markers, Two Speeds
The sedimentation rate is fibrinogen measured sideways; the CRP is the liver’s alarm read directly.
Prefer the full lecture? Blood Plasma (original video on the site)
Explore
Race the markers
Two lanes, two markers, one flare. Call the race before the lines draw, slow the tube down and speed it up, add a third lane, then read twenty years of one result.
Text description of this explore
A stadium look: green turf lanes, a stopwatch and black scoreboards with amber numbers. Step 1: a two-lane race across 30 days of a three-day flare (teaching-model shapes): a CRP lane (0 to 50 mg/L, limit about 10) and an ESR lane (0 to 60 mm/h, limit about 20), empty until you commit. For four calls (first off the line; first back under its limit; still up a month later; moves furthest as a multiple of its own normal) choose CRP, ESR or a tie. After you commit, the lines draw: CRP shoots up within hours, peaks near 41 at day 3 and is back under its limit by about day 5; the ESR climbs over days, peaks near 50 around day 11 and is still about 27 at day 30. Step 2: two Westergren tubes with millimeter scales and a circle showing the cells inside: on the left the same plasma at a hematocrit of 41%, on the right your setting. Choose the hematocrit (30%, an anemia; 41%, an average woman; 49%, Stina) and the plasma (no inflammation, or her flare plasma with fibrinogen 520 mg/dL, which stacks the cells into rouleaux); buttons load an anemia, an average woman and her blood at a flare. Predict whether this ESR is higher than, about the same as, or lower than the same plasma at 41%, then run one hour: the clear plasma column is read in millimeters, and a readout gives both ESRs and the CRP (a teaching model scaled so her setting gives her 2015 ESR of 58). Step 3: two scoreboards. Stina, 2015: CRP 41 at a flare, ESR 58, cultures no growth, procalcitonin hidden. A bacterial pneumonia (a teaching case): CRP 160, ESR 70, sputum culture pneumococcus, procalcitonin hidden. Predict the procalcitonin in each; after you commit it reads low for her and 4.5 ng/mL, high, for the pneumonia. Step 4: a strip chart of her ESR from 1995 to 2015, above the range on every report and called “a touch high”, 58 in 2015. Write the sentence a clinician should have written on the fifth such report, then compare with a model answer.
Think · not graded
The ESR is slow, old and nonspecific; the CRP is fast and specific for inflammation but not its cause; procalcitonin separates bacterial from sterile. Twenty years of a raised ESR filed as “a touch high” — what was the information in it, and what single additional test in 2015 would have turned nonspecific into specific?
Spot-check your thinking: true or false?
Check · Multiple Choice
Compare what CRP and the ESR actually measure.
Evidence card 3
Add it to your evidence board
The ESR is fibrinogen sideways, the CRP the alarm itself; twenty years of either was information.
Scene 4 of 5
Serum Amyloid A
The acute-phase protein nobody orders — and the most important number in her chart.
Animation · in production · 2 min
The Slow Fuse
SAA: an apolipoprotein on HDL, made by the liver under IL-6, up a thousandfold in a day. Built for days. A calendar running from 1986. SAA fragments misfolding into β-sheets; fibrils; deposits in the gut wall, the kidney’s glomeruli, the spleen, the adrenal. Congo red; apple-green birefringence — the 2015 gut biopsy re-stained in 2026; the renal biopsy in 2026. The FMF cohort papers: persistent SAA predicts amyloidosis; colchicine prevents it. Her SAA 190 at a flare, 38 between — never under 6.
Prefer the full lecture? Blood Plasma (original video on the site)
Explore
Light the fuse
A liver, an SAA dial, a fuse along a calendar and two organ gauges. Set the signal, run the years, cap the fuse with colchicine early and late, then say where her deposits turned up.
Text description of this explore
A boiler-room look with brass gauges, a teaching model throughout. Step 1: the liver (Amy’s drawing) on a cream panel, an SAA dial on a log scale from 1 to 1000 mg/L (green up to 6), and a six-week SAA trace. Set the IL-6 signal (off; one flare, then quiet; or her pattern, flares plus a smolder) and predict SAA between flares or a month after the one flare (under 6; still near the flare level; or well above 6 but far below the flare, never under 6). Running it draws the trace and moves the dial: off stays near 3; one flare leaps to about 190 and is back under 6 within days; her pattern leaps to about 190 at each flare and falls back only to about 38. A readout adds her 2015 draws, 190 and 38. Step 2: the liver feeds a fuse along a calendar from year 0 to 40, burnt up to the year you set; below are two brass gauges for fibril load, the gut wall and the kidney. Set the year (0 to 40, buttons for years 5, 10 and 20), predict the gauges (empty; partly full and rising every year; or full), then run it: in the model the gut fills about 2.6% a year and the kidney about 2.2%, and a readout says whether a Congo red stain would show it. Step 3: the same scene read at year 40, with a blue cap on the fuse where colchicine starts. Choose when (never; year 5; or year 35, decades in; her own 2026 diagnosis came later still) and how it is taken (every day, or only during attacks); predict the gauges at year 40 (near empty; frozen high; or still climbing, or full), then run it. Step 4: six organs (the gut wall, the kidney’s glomeruli, the spleen, the adrenal glands, the heart, the brain); sort each into found in her by the Digestive module, found in her by the Urinary module, a usual AA site not part of her story so far, or rarely or never an AA site.
Think · not graded
CRP and SAA rise together under IL-6, and only one of them is a building material. If a clinic measures CRP and never SAA, what does it see — and what does it miss? What would an SAA of 38 between flares have told an oncologist in 2015 that “no symptoms” did not?
Spot-check your thinking: true or false?
Check · Multiple Choice
Why does a chronically elevated SAA matter more than a chronically elevated CRP?
Evidence card 4
Add it to your evidence board
The marker that is also the raw material: SAA made for decades, deposited in the gut and the kidney — the slow fuse.
Scene 5 of 5
Six Findings — One Alarm, One Thread, One Clone
Not one clinician was wrong about the value in front of them; the error was the borders of the case.
Slide · in production
The Chart on One Page
Catch the pattern; respect the loose ends; write both down.
Prefer the full lecture? Characteristics of Blood (original video on the site)
Game
Sort the six
A ledger with three columns and one rule each. Sort her six findings and four decoys, defend the column the red cells landed in, test what could move that tile, then write Chart Clue #14.
Text description of this game
A green-ruled ledger look. Step 1: a ledger with three columns, each headed by its rule: the alarm (does an acute-phase cytokine explain it?), the open thread (does no known reason fit?), the clone (did one clone of cells make it?). Ten tiles, in shuffled order: platelets 560,000 at a flare (410,000 between, 390,000 a month later); neutrophils 78% with 6% bands, WBC 11,800, cultures with no growth, procalcitonin low; ESR 58, CRP 41 at a flare and 9 between, SAA 190 at a flare and 38 between, ESR raised since 1995; fibrinogen 520, ferritin 220, albumin 3.6, transferrin saturation 28%; hematocrit 49%, red-cell mass 36 mL/kg, EPO 44 at an oxygen saturation of 98%, JAK2 negative, HbA only; IgG-kappa M-protein 0.6 g/dL, plasma cells 6% kappa-restricted, no CRAB features; hemoglobin 10.5 with large oval red cells, hypersegmented neutrophils and low B12; hematocrit 55% at 12,000 feet in a marathon runner; hematocrit 55% with a low EPO and JAK2 V617F positive (a teaching case); CRP 180 with a high procalcitonin, a shadow on the chest x-ray and pneumococcus in the sputum (a teaching case). For each, choose a column (the alarm; the open thread; the clone; or off the ledger, a known reason that is not the alarm) and whose chart it is (hers, or another patient). Each tile’s feedback names the rule used. After you commit the ledger fills: four entries under the alarm, the erythrocytosis under the open thread, the M-protein under the clone, and the four other patients struck off. Step 2: a classmate says inflammation raises everything, so the erythrocytosis belongs under the alarm; choose a response. Step 3: six new results; for each, say whether the erythrocytosis tile stays in the open thread, moves out because a known reason now fits, or moves into the alarm: CRP climbs to 80; a sleep study finds her oxygen dropping every night; the red-cell mass comes back normal; hemoglobin electrophoresis finds a high-affinity variant; SAA climbs higher at the next flare; imaging finds a kidney tumor making EPO. Step 4: write Chart Clue #14 in one sentence, then compare with the module’s.
Think · not graded
Inflammation raises platelets, neutrophils, CRP and SAA, and lowers red cells if anything. Her red cells are high on an EPO that should be off. What does it cost a case to force that finding into the alarm — and what does it cost to drop it? Which did the course choose, and why is that the lesson?
Spot-check your thinking: true or false?
Check · Question set
Two questions assembling the findings into one mechanism — and naming the two that stay outside it.
Evidence card 5
Add it to your evidence board
Four findings in one alarm, one thread held open, one clone held apart — Chart Clue #14.
4
Your evidence board
Every scene gave you an evidence card, and the chart adds more. Sort each card into the column it supports: One sustained acute-phase response, Neither on its own — held open or held apart, or Six separate findings. Some cards can honestly go in more than one place — that’s allowed, and the feedback tells you which cards decide the case.
5
Your verdict
Time to decide. Look back at your bet, then build your verdict from statements that hold up — no writing needed.
Look back at your prediction
Six odd labs across twenty years — six findings, or one?
Find the one you chose at the top. Does the evidence support it, refute it, or revise it?
- Six separate quirks of one unlucky patient
- One sustained acute-phase response — and nothing else
- One alarm that explains four of the six, one thread it cannot explain, and one clone that belongs to another story
Build your verdict · no writing
Choose the statement that holds in each set. The ones you keep become your argument.
6
The finding
Chart Clue #14 · one alarm, one thread, one clone
A Program Built for Days, Run for Decades
Reactive thrombocytosis at every flare (IL-6 → thrombopoietin), sterile neutrophilia with bands (IL-1β), an ESR and CRP raised since 1995 with fibrinogen and ferritin up and albumin down, and a serum amyloid A of 190 at flares and 38 between — four readings of one sustained acute-phase response, a normal program designed for days and running since she was eleven, faithfully manufacturing the precursor of the AA amyloid the Digestive and Urinary modules found in her gut and her kidney. Outside it: a true erythrocytosis on an EPO of 44 at 98% saturation with JAK2 negative — a separate signal on a separate wire, worked up, named secondary erythrocytosis of unclear cause, and held open for later modules to spell — and an IgG-kappa MGUS, a clone held for the Immunity capstone. Chart Clue #14: catch the pattern, respect the loose ends, write both down. This entry joins the diagnostic timeline the whole course is assembling.
Next · 14.8
Conclusion and Assessment
Seven verdicts built. Now lay the chart end to end and build the one that matters: six harmless labs — or one alarm with a long fuse, one open thread, and one clone?
Reliable information on rare diseases
NORD · NIH GARD · Orphanet · MedlinePlus Genetics: FMF · FMF & AID Global Association · Autoinflammatory Alliance · Global Genes · Amyloidosis Foundation
Stina has one rare disease. In the United States, about 1 in 10 people live with one of the more than 7,000 known rare diseases. These organizations are where patients, families and clinicians go for trustworthy information.
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All pages for Module 14 — Blood
14.0 Module Overview
14.1 The Red Cell Finding That Fits Nothing
14.2 What’s in Blood
14.3 Red Cells and Hemoglobin
14.4 Making and Recycling Red Cells
14.5 The Clotting Story
14.6 The Defenders
14.7 The Acute-Phase Alarm
14.8 Conclusion and Assessment
14.9 Evidence Behind the Case
All Modules
- Anatomical Language, Membranes & Homeostasis
- Just Enough Chemistry
- The Cell & Its Transport
- Making Cells & Proteins
- The Integumentary System
- The Skeletal System
- The Muscular System
- Nervous Tissue & the Senses
- The Spinal Cord
- The Brain & the Blood–Brain Barrier
- The Autonomic Nervous System
- Special Senses (in developmentThe process of growth and differentiation.)
- The Endocrine System
- Blood
- The Heart
- Blood Vessels
- The Digestive System
- The Respiratory System
- The Urinary System
- Fluids, Electrolytes & Acid–Base Balance
- The Reproductive System
- The Immune System
List of terms
- fibrinogen
- ferritin
- albumin
- plasma cells
- urine
- symptoms
- liver
- anatomy
- physiology
- cells
- hematocrit
- hypothalamus
- transferrin
- erythropoietin
- plasma
- development